Fluoride is one of the most well-known minerals in dental care. From toothpaste to drinking water, we associate it with stronger teeth and fewer cavities. However, while fluoride is beneficial in the right amounts, excessive exposure can actually be harmful — both to your oral health and your overall well-being.

What Is Fluoride and Why Do We Use It?

Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Since the 1940s, it has been added to municipal water supplies to reduce rates of tooth decay, especially among communities with limited access to professional dental care. It’s also found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and even some dental treatments and fillings.

However, with fluoride now present in so many everyday products, experts are beginning to question whether some people — especially children — are getting too much of it.

When Fluoride Exposure Becomes Too High

While small, controlled amounts of fluoride are essential for healthy teeth, excessive exposure can lead to several health issues:

• Dental Fluorosis: This condition affects developing teeth in young children and appears as white or brown spots on the enamel. While mostly cosmetic, it’s a sign of too much fluoride exposure early in life.
• Skeletal Fluorosis: A more serious condition caused by long-term overexposure to fluoride. It leads to hardened bones that are more brittle and prone to fractures.
• Thyroid Issues: Excess fluoride can impact the parathyroid gland, potentially leading to hyperparathyroidism — a condition that weakens bones by reducing calcium levels.

Finding the Right Balance

Fluoride works best in moderation — it strengthens enamel, prevents decay, and supports long-term dental health when used responsibly. You should continue to use fluoridated toothpaste and drink fluoridated water, but it’s best to avoid taking additional fluoride supplements unless recommended by your dentist.

If you’re concerned about fluoride exposure or notice white spots on your child’s teeth, contact our office for personalized advice. We’ll help you determine whether your fluoride intake is within a healthy range and suggest the best ways to protect your smile.